PgcEdit

The Swiss Army knife of DVD editing

IMPORTANT: Due to a recent email address change, the PayPal donations sent after October 5 and before October 20 2009 have not been processed. If you have donated during that period and you have not received your unlock code, please verify that the donation has not been deduced from your account, and send it again. Sorry for the inconvenience!

Users that have donated before the release of PgcEdit v9 will receive a code by email to disable the nag screen, even if they have donated only $1! Please write to me if your email address has changed, or if you think you have helped me enough to receive a free licence.

As a consequence, the source code of PgcEdit is no longer available. It will be released later, but only a previous version will be available. If you want to run the latest update, you must donate. Sorry.

• Table of contents

  • Introduction
  • Current version
  • Documentation
  • Third-party guides
  • Installation
  • Download
  • Plugins
  • Third-party tools
  • Command line arguments
  • Please donate
  • Contact
  • Known Bugs
  • Recommended programs

• Introduction

  

  PgcEdit is a DVD IFO and Menu editor designed to allow the modification of the navigation commands and parameters of an already authored DVD structure.
  PgcEdit is also an excellent tool to learn how a DVD works, with its powerful Trace function.

  PgcEdit v9 has a new function to automatically simplify the DVD, remove useless PGCs and commands, convert useless menus to dummies, etc... The resulting DVD is usually simpler to analyze and understand.

  The possibilities of PgcEdit are so numerous that it is simply impossible to list them all. Just try it, and see!

  PgcEdit is free. However, to boost the donations, a nag screen is displayed during some seconds at its startup. The donors will receive a code to disable it.
  As a consequence, the source code of PgcEdit is no longer available. It will be released later, but only a previous version will be available. If you want to run the latest update, you must donate. Sorry.

  PgcEdit runs under all versions of Windows (including Vista), and with some limitations under Linux.

• Current version

  The current PgcEdit version is 9.2 (February 16, 2009)

  What's new in PgcEdit v9? See the complete list of modifications here.

• Documentation

  • PgcEdit reference manual. Finally, the new manual, for PgcEdit 9.2, is available! Thanks to blutach for his great help!
    Note: the new manual in Windows HTML Help form (.CHM file) is bundled with PgcEdit v9.2 zip archive for Windows. It is NOT included in the Linux archive!

  • Version history

  • Screenshots: Main window, PGC parameters Editor, Trace mode, Menu editor, Preview

  • Manuel de PgcEdit (Ancienne documentation en français, totalement obsolete. SVP, utilisez aussi le manuel anglais.)

  Useful links:

  • Tcl regular expressions (used by the find functions): See the official description, or this handy table.

  • Tcl math functions (for the Tcl calculator/converter): See the 'expr' command official description.

  • Glossary of DVD Terms.

• Third party guides

  Please note that some of these guides are slightly outdated. In case of problems, use the forums!
  • In English:
    • How to use PgcEdit’s Remapping and Restoring Functions by blutach, about the major new functions of PgcEdit v8.

    • How to use PgcEdit’s Jump to PGC Upon DVD Insert Feature Courtesy of blutach.

    • Jeanl's Guides for PgcEdit Jumping straight to the movie or the menu (manual method), and Skipping annoying stuff (FBI warnings, previews, logos), using the new Trace mode of PgcEdit v0.4!

    • 2COOL's PgcEdit Guides New "Blanking a Cell with PgcEdit" guide, and "Removing Language Selection and Aspect Ratio Menus" updated (v3.0)!

    • 2COOL's Jump2PGC guide and his helper application jump2pgc.exe. Download guide and helper (with helper version 1.55)

    • There are also some 2COOL's movie specific ripping guides using PgcEdit on the Doom9 forum. See 2COOL's Cheat Sheets & Guides List.

    • Adding Back Original Menus to a DVD Shrink/Nero Recode Re-authored DVD with PgcEdit and VobBlanker Courtesy of blutach. (Definitive version.)

    • How to burn ISO images with PgcEdit ensuring 32k gaps between IFOs and BUPs Version 2, updated for PgcEdit v7.2! Courtesy of blutach. (Discussion thread at Doom9 here)

    • How to burn Double Layer Disks with PgcEdit Version 2, updated for PgcEdit v7.2! Courtesy of blutach. (Discussion thread at Doom9 here)

    • How to save even more Mb by just displaying the cast in the credits (as a still without audio) Courtesy of blutach.

    • How to use PgcEdit’s Search & Replace Plugin Courtesy of blutach. (discussion thread)

    • Importing selfmade menus to episode DVDs done with DVD Shrink (using DVD-Lab Pro and PgcEdit) Courtesy of Chetwood. (Discussion thread)

    • Guide to use a custom made menu for episodes DVDs by Omarios. (Another method to import a selfmade menu, requiring no VM commands editing!)

    • Menuing DVD compilations easy, courtesy of Bjs.

    • Adding a still frame presentation menu on a DVDShrink reauthored DVD (Discussion thread) - Version française (texte simplifié seulement)

    • How to disable a menu button with PgcEdit's menu editor A clean animated flash guide by Rippraff.

    • Guide to Joining DVD's A draft guide by Zacoz on how to merge two DVDs while preserving menus with PgcEdit.

    • Change default audio streams with PgcEdit by UncasMS.

    • Geoff Pell wrote many tutorials for the Video Friends Forum. Most of them are dedicated to Pinnacle Studio, but there are also good introductions to PgcEdit:
      • Generic Guide - PgcEdit - Getting started (PDF)
      • Generic Guide - PgcEdit - Loading the files (PDF)
      • Generic Guide - PgcEdit - Project planning (PDF)
      • Generic Guide - PgcEdit - Familiarisation (PDF)
      • PGC demonstration project (PDF)
      • PGC basic editing (PDF)
      • Play All or Select (PDF)
      • Modifying the Layer Change position (PDF)
      • Using PgcEdit to make a Video Loop Continuously (PDF)
      • Produce a DVD with Options to Play ALL once OR Loop ALL endlessly (PDF)
      • Play the Menu Once Before Playing the Video Automatically (PDF)
      • Last but not least, Geoff wrote also a big guide with a lot of useful informations.
        It can be downloaded here: PgcEdit Guide Kit (Public) (Zipped PDF, 15MB.)
        The example DVD (necessary to follow the examples in the guide) can be downloaded here: PgcEdit_Guide_Samples (46MB.)
        Post comments and suggestions about this guide in this thread.
        Please note that there are several errors in this first version (notably with the cells type flags and the usage of some illegal commands.) These errors will be fixed soon...
        Thanke very much, Geoff, for your huge work!

    • The VideoHelp's list of PgcEdit's guides is also handy.

    • A search for PgcEdit on Doom9 forum may be useful, too.
    
    
  • In Czech:
    • Thanks to wencaS, you can find a lot of useful informations in Czech here, including guides, translations of the plugins, and much more!
    
    
  • In Dutch:
    • DVD's backuppen; de beste manier [Deel 3] by DeeD2k2.

    • Een Play All script voor een Studio DVD-image met PgcEdit by Johan de Jong.

    • Switched Menu's met Pinacle Studio en PgcEdit by Johan de Jong.
    
    
  • In Japanese:
    • PgcEdit - Japanese Version. Untested!

    • PgcEdit: Basic concepts

    • How to burn Double & Dual Layer Disks with PgcEdit by taka702.

    • Adding Menus to a DVD Shrink Re-authored DVD with PgcEdit and DVD Styler

    • Using Title Menu Button to Skip Titles in Re-authored DVD Shrink Movies (for PgcEdit 0.1.2 - outdated)

    • PgcEdit FAQ

  • In Spanish:
    • Tutorial de Reauthoría by David Star.
    
    

• Installation of PgcEdit

  PgcEdit is written in Tcl/Tk. Tcl/Tk is an interpreted scripting language. It is therefore necessary in theory to have a Tcl/Tk interpreter to use PgcEdit. Windows doesn't have such an interpreter natively.
  PgcEdit.exe is an executable containing the Tcl/Tk interpreter and its libraries, as well as the scripts constituting the PgcEdit application. It is not an installer.

  • Installation of PgcEdit.exe (under Windows)

    To install PgcEdit, simply copy PgcEdit.exe in a folder of your choice, such as "C:\Program Files\PgcEdit\".
    Then, launch PgcEdit.exe and see the 'Options/Install' menu: it allow to automatically create the shortcut icons and the files associations.

    Note that the first time PgcEdit is run, it will create a "bin" directory in the same folder as PgcEdit.exe. Therefore, you need write permissions on the install folder, at least when PgcEdit is run for the first time, and when a new version is run for the first time.

    To install a new version, just overwrite PgcEdit.exe with the new file. The bin directory will be updated automatically the first time the new version is run.

    To uninstall PgcEdit, simply use the 'Options/Install/Uninstall PgcEdit' menu. This will remove the shortcuts, the files associations and the configuration files. Then, delete PgcEdit.exe.

    Note: On some foreign systems (for example Korean systems), the executable may not start when you double-click on the icon. To fix this problem, you have to put PgcEdit.exe in a path containing only standard ASCII characters.
    You can now also use the command line arguments or an environment variable to specify the character encoding scheme needed by your system. See the Command line arguments section below.

  • Special note for Windows Vista users

    Microsoft has released its very bad Vista operating system. Unfortunately, some guys want to use it!
    Although PgcEdit works relatively well under Vista, there are some things you should consider.

    • The standard system yes/no/ok/cancel dialogues are now handled differently by Vista. As a consequence, some PgcEdit dialogues are now too big to fit entierly on small screens, and the buttons are outside the screen! PgcEdit has now a fix for that problem. The standard dialogues have been replaced by new dialogues I have written myself.
    • The "faster mkisofs.exe" used by the burn function of PgcEdit doesn't work under Vista. It is recommended to burn your DVD-Video files with ImgBurn, as it has now all features of the burn function of PgcEdit. However, if you still want to use PgcEdit to burn your DVDs, you have to replace mkisofs.exe by the original version requiring cygwin1.dll. That version of mkisofs is available in the ImgTool Classic (not ImgTool Burn!) package, available here. Be sure to change the path to mkisofs.exe in the burn setup dialogue, and leave sygwin1.dll in the same folder, as this DLL is required by this version of mkisofs.
    • Let me know if you find other problems with Vista!

  • Installation of PgcEdit (under Linux)

    There is now a standalone executable for Linux. With this standalone, you don't need to have Tcl/Tk installed anymore. You may copy the executable in a directory (preferably somewhere in your path), then do "chmod a+x PgcEdit" to make it executable.

    To use the preview, you have to install also Wine(hq).

    The Linux executable works well, but unfortunately, due to a bug in the recent Linux kernels, the preview doesn't work well under wine any more. It is therefore recommended to install wine and run the Windows executable of PgcEdit. In this case, the preview works as expected.

    Note that the first time PgcEdit is run, it will create a "bin" directory in the same folder as the executable. Therefore, you need write permissions on the install folder, at least when PgcEdit is run for the first time, and when a new version is run for the first time.

    To install a new version, just overwrite the executable with the new file. The bin directory will be updated automatically the first time the new version is run.

  • Installation of PgcEdit under Mac OSX

    Due to the fact that PgcEdit is now nagware and not open source any more, and that I have never received any donation from Mac users, PgcEdit is not supported under Mac OSX any more.
    However, if you have an old version (pre-v9.0) and wish to run it, you can still download the MAC-OSX starter app here. It has recently been updated by a Mac user, and the new version should fix several issues.

  • Installation of the documentation (all platforms)

    The documentation files should be placed within a "doc" folder in the PgcEdit installation folder. This way, you will be able to launch the documentation from PgcEdit's Help -> Documentation menu.

    Under Windows, if a file called PgcEdit_Manual.chm is found in the doc folder, it is used.

    Under all platforms (including under Windows if the CHM file is not found), the file doc/PgcEdit_Manual.htm is used.

    If that file cannot be found, the file PgcEdit_Manual.txt is used instead. (This allows French users to place the old French doc file in the doc folder, and use it instead of the new English doc.)

    If PgcEdit cannot find one of these files, it will display the online HTML documentation.

• Download PgcEdit

  • Windows

    Download pgcedit_winexe.zip (standalone Windows executable, zipped).
    Download the PgcEdit reference documentation (Windows .CHM help file, zipped).

  • Linux

    Download the pgcedit standalone executable (not compressed).
    Remember that you have to install wine on your system, and that the preview doesn't work well any more. Therefore, you might prefer to use the Windows executable (PgcEdit.exe) under wine instead.
    Download the PgcEdit reference documentation (HTML version, zipped).

  • PgcEdit v8.6 under Mac OSX 10.3 or more

    Download the PgcEdit starter application and the PgcEdit source files of v8.6, and put them in the starter folder.
    Download the PgcEdit reference documentation (HTML version, zipped).

  • All versions folder

    All versions (including the Windows and Linux executables, the old sources, the preview sources, alternate icon sets, doc files, etc..., zipped).

  • Alternate icons

    Alternate set of icons for the toolbar, courtesy of Sweetness. Preview (screenshot)
    To use them, download the sweetness_icons_2.zip file and extract the files in an "icons" subdirectory in the PgcEdit's installation folder.

    If you want to create your own set of icons, look at the INSTALL.txt file included in the archive. And please send them to my email address. I may distribute them here as well. Thanks in advance.

  • Miscellaneous

    Download the Test-SPRM-7 tiny DVD, used to check if your player holds the PTT (chapter) number or the Program number in SPRM 7. (This test DVD is useful to setup the virtual player for Trace mode). PAL version NTSC version

  • Czech Version of PgcEdit

    Download the Czech version of PgcEdit here.
    Please note that the translated version might not be the latest officialy released PgcEdit version.

  • German Version of PgcEdit

    Download the German version of PgcEdit v9.2 here. It includes the latest plugins.
    Updated to the latest version of PgcEdit!

  • Japanese Version of PgcEdit

    Download the Japanese version of PgcEdit v8.6 here.
    Remember that it has not been tested, and it is currently limited to v8.6!

• Plugins

  Since version 0.6.1, a plugin mechanism has been added to PgcEdit. This way, you may download the plugins you really need.
  To use a plugin, download the ZIP archive, extract the tcl file, and put it in the "plugins" folder located in the PgcEdit's installation folder. If you have installed at least one plugin, a new Plugins menu will be available in PgcEdit.

  • Auto comment plugin v1.0 Adds some automatic comments in the PGC labels. Currently marks the PGCs without pre, post and cell commands as void.

  • Celltimes plugin v1.0 Converts a Celltimes.txt file from frame numbers to time codes, or vice versa.

  • DVDShrink plugin v2.6 Useful to improve the navigation capabilities of a DVD created by DVDShrink in reauthor mode. V2 has a new function, "Redo Authoring", to recreate completely the authoring from scratch. V2.5 has a totally new function to "Enhance and fix authoring" of the DVDShrink compilations in re-author mode, more standard compliant. You can now also use the arrow keys to skip to the previous or next title.
    This plugin has also a function to check if the DVDShrink option "Logical remapping of enabled streams" can be used safely for the current DVD.

  • Hex Bit Operands plugin v0.8 by Morris/Elysium (aka M_Knox).
    This excellent plugin modifies the way the commands containing bitwise operators are displayed by PgcEdit. There is an option to display the operand in hexadecimal instead of the standard decimal value, and an option to add a description of the affected bits.
    For example, the command " Set gprm(0) &=(and) 10 " can be displayed as " Set gprm(0) &=(and) 0x000A (preserve bits 1, 3) ". Really useful!
    As I'm not the author of this plugin, please post your comments, suggestions and bug reports in this thread at Doom9. Thanks!
    V 0.8 has a new option to display all operands of the Set operations in hex, even when there is no bitwise operation.

  • Play All PGC plugin v1.5 Unlike the "New 'Play All' PGC" function available in PgcEdit, this plugin scans the VOB files to find all VOB cells, and builds a new PGC referencing all available cells. It can also build a PGC containing only the VOB cells that are not referenced in the other PGCs, and find all unreferenced VOB cells. This plugin is handy to retrieve lost cells from the VOB files.

  • PUO plugin v1.4 Function to import/export, set and clear the Prohibited User Operations, including a function to clear all PUOs in all VOBs of the current DVD. The import/export PUOs functions are useful if you want to keep the original PUOs of a DVD ripped by DVD-Fab Decrypter.

  • Search and Replace plugin v2.6 Searches the VM command's [hexadecimal codes] of specific parts of the DVD using a regular expression and allows you to replace them with a command set of your choice. (This function is not easy to master, and should not be used by beginners. A simpler method has been implemented in PgcEdit v9.0. See Edit -> Dup And Increment.)
    Major update: in v2, the replace string can now contain complex mathematical expressions. A preset menu has been added, with a preset to convert the SetGPRMMD commands to standard Set commands. Since v2.6, it is possible to search in specific areas only.
    blutach's guide and its discussion thread.

  • VOBU plugin v1.6 With this plugin, you can change the entry VOBU sector and the last VOBU sectors of any PGC. Handy to skip intros, logos, credits embedded in the main movie. Please note that this method is not standard compliant, and may fail with some players!

  • Womble plugin v1.1 Creates .MBS and .MSL files for "Womble MPEG Video Wizard DVD". MBS files are necessary to import a titleset made of several VOBs in WMVW-DVD. MSL files are bookmark/chapter lists in the Womble format. This plugin is useless if you don't use WMVW.

  • XiRON plugin v1.2 I wrote this plugin for me, to fix the numerous authoring errors of my cheap and very bad XiRON RW3HDD 80GB recorder. I will probably NOT continue to develop it, and I provide no support for this plugin. Use it at your own risk! This plugin is useless if you are not un unlucky owner of a XiRON recorder.

  • Download all plugins in one zip file! (updated with the latest versions of the plugins, and the new Hex Bit Operands plugin)

  • All Plugins folder

  • Deprecated plugins since version 9.0 of PgcEdit.

    The two plugins below are useless as their functionalities have been integrated in the main PgcEdit executable. Please remove them from your plugins folder to avoid conflicts with PgcEdit v9 or greater.

    • LU (menu Language Unit) plugin

    • Time Maps plugin

• Third-party tools

  • ChapterCommandsGenerator by wencaS.
    When the user interrupts the playback of the main movie and returns to the chapter menu, you may want to jump directly to the page containing the current chapter and highlight automatically the current chapter menu button.
    ChapterCommandsGenerator can generate the necessary commands for you, so that you just have to paste them in PgcEdit.
    Thanks to wencaS for this useful tool!

  • (The DVD Menu Button Swapper has been removed, as this tool is now obsolete since the integration of its function in the Menu Editor of PgcEdit.)

• Command Line Arguments

  Windows syntax:
  PgcEdit [/E:encoding] ["dvd_folder_or_file_name"]
  
  Linux syntax:
  PgcEdit [-e:encoding] ["dvd_folder_or_file_name"]
  
  
  • /E=encoding or -e=encoding
    Specify the character encoding used by your system.
    On some foreign systems using accented characters, it might be necessary to specify this option if PgcEdit cannot handle the path and file names containing accented or special characters properly.
    Unfortunately, as far as I know, it is not possible to specify the encoding automatically. So, you will have to check which encoding is compatible with your system. The default encoding, cp1252, is suitable for all systems using only standard ASCII characters in the filenames.
    To display a list of all available encodings, use the /? or -h command line argument.
    Note: It is also possible to define the encoding through the global environment variable PGCEDIT_ENCODING.
  • dvd_folder_or_file_name
    If another argument is provided, PgcEdit uses it to open a DVD automatically at startup.
    The argument must be the path of the root or the VIDEO_TS folder of a decrypted DVD, or one of the IFO, BUP or VOB file of the DVD.
  • /? or -h
    Displays the command line syntax, and the list of all available character encoding schemes.
  • Loading a scratchbook from the command line
    Since v9.0, it is possible to open a scratchbook from the command line. Just replace the "dvd_folder_or_file_name" argument in the syntax above with the path to the scratchbook.sbk file. The ".sbk" extension must be provided with the filename.

• Please donate

  To support future PgcEdit development, please make a donation. Thanks!
  

  IMPORTANT: Due to a recent email address change, the PayPal donations sent after October 5 and before October 20 2009 have not been processed. If you have donated during that period and you have not received your unlock code, please verify that the donation has not been deduced from your account, and send it again. Sorry for the inconvenience!

  Note that since v9, it is necessary to donate at least €10 or $15 to disable the nag screen appearing when PgcEdit starts. If you do so, you will receive instructions to disable the remainder via email within 48 hours.

  Users that have donated before the release of PgcEdit v9 will receive a code by email to disable the nag screen, even if they have donated only $1! Please write to me if your email address has changed, or if you think you have helped me enough to receive a free licence.

  As a consequence, the source code of PgcEdit is no longer available. It will be released later, but only a previous version will be available. If you want to run the latest update, you must donate. Sorry.

• Contact

  Please post your feedback, suggestions and bug reports on the Doom9 forum, in this thread. Thanks.
  Old discussion threads: PgcEdit v 0.1, PgcEdit v 0.2, PgcEdit v 0.3, PgcEdit v 0.4, PgcEdit v 0.5, PgcEdit v 0.6.0 (and 0.6.1 beta), PgcEdit v 0.6.1 to 0.6.4, PgcEdit v 7, PgcEdit v 8.

  You may also write (in French or English) to:
  
  (Sorry, I had to hide the email address to avoid SPAM!)
  NOTE: The old email addresses at tiscali.be and scarlet.be are no longer valid! Please use the address above.
  
  Please use email only for messages not relevant to the forum, for bug reports and job opportunities. Use the forum to post DVD technical questions! I can't reply to all messages personally, and other users may benefit from your experience. Thanks.

  If you need to submit a bug, please provide the following information:

  • The version of PgcEdit you are using.
  • The platform (for example Windows XP, Vista, Linux...) you are running PgcEdit on.
  • If the program is crashing with an error message, the full text of this error message (you may have to click on the "Details >>" button of the error dialogue box to see it).
  • If you are in trouble with a specific DVD, please send me the original IFOs (an archive with the PgcEdit_backup folder).
  • Try to describe exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred, and how to reproduce it.

• Known Bugs (and Workarounds)

  • If there are foreign characters in the directory names of the install path, PgcEdit may not start.
    Also, if you install external executables in a path with foreign characters, PgcEdit may not be able to launch them from its Tools menu.
    So, avoid foreign characters in the path of PgcEdit, of the tools you want to use via the Tool menu, and in the install path of ImgTool Classic, Daemon Tools and ImgBurn, or the burn function may fail.
    Since v8.6, it is possible to specify the character encoding used by your system via the command line or an environment variable. See the Command line arguments section above.

  • Sometimes a button or menubutton (with drop-down options) doesn’t work when you click it. This is probably a Tk bug, under Windows only.
    You may recover the usage of the button simply by clicking elsewhere on the window background or title bar.

  • Virus warning under Windows 95, 98 and Millennium: Some very picky antivirus programs (notably McAfee) are reporting that PgcEdit.exe or PSKill.exe is a potentially unwanted program (not a virus!)
    This is because PSKill.exe originally written by Sysinternals and now owned by Microsoft is embedded in the PgcEdit executable. Though PSKill can be used to remotely kill processes, it is used by PgcEdit only to kill the MKISOFS process when the user aborts the ISO creation when burning a DVD.
    Be assured that PgcEdit doesn't make malicious tricks on your computer! And remember that PgcEdit has received the 100% virus free certification by Softpedia.

  • There are some minor problems under Windows Vista. See the note for Vista users in the installation section above.

  • Under recent Linux systems, the preview doesn't work anymore due to a bug in the newest Linux kernels causing some incompatibilities with wine.
    Solution: Install wine (necessary any way to use the preview), and run the Windows executable. As a benefit, you will have some options not available in the Linux version.

• Recommended programs

  All the tools listed here are free, and most of them are better than the commercial equivalents! Thanks to the freeware community!

  • Essential tools
    • DVD Decrypter, by Lightning UK! Though discontinued, it is still the best ripper around. However, it cannot process some of the recently protected DVDs.
    • VobBlanker, by Jsoto. Handy to remove unwanted material from your DVD.
    • MenuShrink, by Jeanl. Use it to convert your DVD menus to still frames, and regain disc space.
    • DVD Shrink (download link) Still the best DVD compressor around!
    • DVDSubEdit, by Jeanl. Modify your subtitles without having to demux and remux the VOB files!
    • FixVTS, by Jeanl. Use it to normalize a badly authored VOB or DVD.
    • ImgBurn, by Lightning UK! The best ISO burning tool! Needed to burn a DVD with PgcEdit.

  • Useful tools
    • PGCDemux, by Jsoto. The best DVD demultiplexer!
    • Muxman, by Mpucoder. The best DVD multiplexer!
    • DVDStyler, by Alex Thüring. To create your own menus.
    • IfoEdit and VobEdit, by Derrow. Powerful IFO and VOB monitors, now discontinued. Not for beginners!

Have fun!
r0lZ

This page was last updated on October 20, 2009.

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